{"id":5710,"date":"2024-02-18T16:42:15","date_gmt":"2024-02-18T05:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/passionforarts.com\/?p=5710"},"modified":"2024-02-18T16:42:15","modified_gmt":"2024-02-18T05:42:15","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e5%ad%b8%e6%9c%83%e6%8f%90%e5%95%8f%e3%80%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/passionforarts.com\/?p=5710","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u5b78\u6703\u63d0\u554f\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c3c\u723e.\u5e03\u6717 \u65af\u5716\u723e\u7279.\u57fa\u790e\u5229\u8457\uff1b\u5433\u79ae\u656c\u8b6f\uff1b\u6a5f\u68b0\u5de5\u696d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff1b2019-01-01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1\uff0c\u4f5c\u7232\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u8003\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u65b7\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3001\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u50be\u5411\u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u9858\u807c\u90a3\u4e9b\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u50be\u5411\u548c\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9019\u9700\u8981\u6211\u5011\u4e0b\u5927\u529b\u6c23\u53bb\u62b5\u5236\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u8207\u9019\u7a2e\u50be\u5411\u4f5c\u9b25\u722d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0b\u6c7a\u5fc3\u6b7b\u62b1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e0d\u653e\u624b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u8a31\u591a\u7406\u7531\u4f86\u8b49\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8ad6\u8b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u7a31\u7232\u201c\u64cd\u7e31\u578b\u8ad6\u8b49\u201d(managed reasoning)\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u9019\u7a2e\u8ad6\u8b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u7d93\u904e\u4e8b\u5148\u6311\u9078\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9054\u6210\u67d0\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a\uff0c\u6b63\u78ba\u63d0\u554f\u5e36\u7d66\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u904e\u5feb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6240\u8b02\u6162\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5927\u8166\u4f86\u5438\u6536\u548c\u7406\u6027\u8a55\u4f30\u5225\u4eba\u8aac\u904e\u7684\u8a71\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u7528\u5169\u500b\u5b57\u4f86\u6982\u62ec\u672c\u66f8\uff08\u300a\u5feb\u601d\u6162\u60f3\u300b\uff09\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f<strong>\u5728\u4f60\u601d\u8003\u5927\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u201c\u653e\u6162\u201d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c\uff0c\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8981\u6210\u7232\u4e00\u540d\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u8981\u6210\u7232\u5145\u6eff\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u548c\u958b\u653e\u5fc3\u614b\u7684\u8868\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u6703\u963b\u65b7\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4e0d\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4ed4\u7d30\u8003\u616e\u5225\u4eba\u6240\u8aac\u7684\u8a71\u3002\u5b83\u7e3d\u662f\u65e9\u65e9\u95dc\u9589\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6211\u5011\u5ffd\u7565\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d\uff0c\u80cc\u53db\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u7fd2\u6163<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">i\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u201c\u6688\u8f2a\u6548\u61c9\u201d(halo effect)\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u5148\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u6216\u6d88\u6975\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c31\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\u548c\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u806f\u4fc2\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ii\uff0c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u56fa\u8457\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5728\u500b\u4eba\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e0a\u5805\u6301\u4e0d\u6539\u6216\u7d55\u4e0d\u8a00\u68c4\u7684\u50be\u5411\u662f\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5de8\u5927\u969c\u7919\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u5fc3\u5b58\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u4e0d\u9858\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u4e4b\u504f\u611b\u5b50\u7576\u524d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u548c\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u5011\u6700\u5927\u7684\u504f\u898b\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u662f\uff1a\u8a8d\u7232\u53ea\u6709\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u6c92\u6709\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u548c\u6211\u5011\u610f\u898b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5fc3\u61f7\u504f\u898b\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">iii\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u53ef\u5f97\u6027\u5553\u767c(availability heuristic)\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6211\u5011\u53cd\u5fa9\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6377\u5f91\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u6839\u64da\u6211\u5011\u624b\u908a\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f86\u5f62\u6210\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">iv\uff0c\u8fd1\u56e0\u6548\u61c9\uff08recency effect\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u7232\u6211\u5011\u601d\u7dad\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6700\u65b0\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">v\uff0c\u7b54\u975e\u6240\u554f\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u8003\u8005\u4f86\u8aac\uff0c\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4eba\u7d66\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u9a62\u5507\u4e0d\u5c0d\u99ac\u5634\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u884c\u7232\u99ac\u4e0a\u5c31\u6703\u5c07\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5f9e\u958b\u59cb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u5f15\u958b\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b83\u958b\u59cb\u5f15\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u5834\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">vi\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7e02\u89ba\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6392\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u570d\u8457\u5b83\u5011\u8f49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u81f3\u5c11\u61c9\u8a72\u570d\u8457\u5b83\u5011\u8f49\u624d\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">vii\uff0c\u4e00\u5ec2\u60c5\u9858\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u5ec2\u60c5\u9858\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u5982\u5f71\u96a8\u5f62\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u7232\u6211\u5011\u6163\u65bc\u5426\u8a8d\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e38\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89ba\u5730\u8207\u4e8b\u5be6\u6297\u722d\uff0c\u7aed\u529b\u5728\u51b7\u51b0\u51b0\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u4e4b\u5916\u5f3a\u5316\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5347\u5e73\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5f3a\u5927\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u657a\u52d5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5c0d\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\u6216\u5076\u767c\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u90fd\u8b93\u4eba\u89ba\u5f97\u96e3\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e26\u88ab\u629b\u5230\u4e00\u908a\uff1b\u8207\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5947\u8de1\u5f0f\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u5247\u5e36\u7d66\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5c3c\u723e.\u5e03\u6717 \u65af\u5716\u723e\u7279.\u57fa\u790e\u5229\u8457\uff1b\u5433\u79ae\u656c\u8b6f\uff1b\u6a5f\u68b0\u5de5\u696d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff1b2019-01-01 1\uff0c\u4f5c\u7232\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u8003\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u65b7\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3001\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002 2\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u50be\u5411\u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u9858\u807c\u90a3\u4e9b\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u50be\u5411\u548c\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9019\u9700\u8981\u6211\u5011\u4e0b\u5927\u529b\u6c23\u53bb\u62b5\u5236\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u8207\u9019\u7a2e\u50be\u5411\u4f5c\u9b25\u722d\u3002 3\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0b\u6c7a\u5fc3\u6b7b\u62b1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e0d\u653e\u624b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u8a31\u591a\u7406\u7531\u4f86\u8b49\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8ad6\u8b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u7a31\u7232\u201c\u64cd\u7e31\u578b\u8ad6\u8b49\u201d(managed reasoning)\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u9019\u7a2e\u8ad6\u8b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u7d93\u904e\u4e8b\u5148\u6311\u9078\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9054\u6210\u67d0\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002 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